HOMEBREW Digest #1984 Thu 14 March 1996

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	FORUM ON BEER, HOMEBREWING, AND RELATED ISSUES
		Rob Gardner, Digest Janitor


Contents:
  mutation, phenolic flavors, and Idophor (Mike Uchima)
  Channel Wars (Charlie Scandrett)
  Water Ion Concentrations (JamesN2405)
  Source for High-Temp Hose? (Marty Tippin)
  hop downy mildew (Douhan)
  2 day brewing? (Brewizard)
  Uncl: Calories and Finishing Gravity ("Calvin Perilloux")
  Distilled Beverages (Aesoph, Michael)
  Re-boiling the wort. ("Braam Greyling")
  Making bread with used grains ("Braam Greyling")
  Malt Liquor/Carbonation/Hangovers/Heaters (A. J. deLange)
  calories ("Tracy Aquilla")
  recipes (Michael Kerns)
  Electric elements, wiring (Ed, Quantum PE (508) 770-2251)
   ("Matt S. Grady")
  Two gauge regulators (David C. Harsh)
  Re: Electric Boilers (Spencer W Thomas)
  culturing a 3 strain yeast... (Victor J Farren)
  Uncl: Beer/malt liquor ("Calvin Perilloux")
  Uncl: Homebrewers in Berlin?? ("Calvin Perilloux")
  Re:Help my beer is infected..Wayne Wight (Victor J Farren)
  Diacetyl and 2,3-pentanedione/ Copyright (Bob Waterfall)
  Corny Compatible (Neal Christensen)
  Split-day brewing (Chris Geden)
  Wire Gauges and Circuit Breakers for Electric Boilers (KennyEddy)
  Large fermenter (RUSt1d?)
  Re:Royal Oak pale ale (Robert Bush)
  DO NOT DO THIS!!!!! (was Electric Boilers) (b.j.) grier" <bjgrier at bnr.ca>

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---------------------------------------------------------------------- Date: Mon, 11 Mar 1996 15:31:46 -0600 From: uchima at fncrd8.fnal.gov (Mike Uchima) Subject: mutation, phenolic flavors, and Idophor lachina at interramp.com (Lorne P. Franklin) writes: > > Tam Thompson writes, ". . . You can usually re-use that slurry about three > times before it starts to mutate too far into the unusable range. . . ." > > I've read this assertion in many places and am wondering if anyone can > profile the flavor, bahvior, or appearance of "mutated" brewers yeast. > I've never used yeast beyond the third generation, but am curious of the > potential problems involved with "inbred" yeast. I've got a strong suspicion that what we're calling "mutation" here is actually "contamination". Unless you've got an extremely mutant-prone strain of yeast, and/or top-notch sanitation procedures, my (uneducated) guess is that increasing levels of wild yeast and bacteria would become a problem long before mutation of the original strain was noticable. Anyone more qualified care to comment? jlee at esd.ray.com (Jerry Lee) says: > Well the beer from hell has given it's last act of > defiance...It has developed a definite phenolic > aroma & flavor....could the contamination occured > during the foaming filter I brought up just a > few files back...or is this more of case of > sanitation error during fermentation? Could open > fermentation been the cause? After all the claims > that this wasn't a problem in open fermentation... What about fermentation temperature? Don't some yeasts produce phenolic flavors if fermented too warm? mikeb at flash.net (Michael T. Bell) says: > One quick question. What is the proper dilution rate of Iodophor? > I have read that the optimum is 25ppm. That works out roughly to 1oz per 6 > gal. In this concentration, it stains my hoses a nice shade of light > brown, lovely but annoying. Is this to high? If it is, what is the proper > ppm? I usually use somewhat less than this, about 1/2 oz per 5 gallons. I still get the brown stains at this concentration. I actually find the brown stains kind of reassuring -- I figure if the hoses have absorbed enough iodine to stain them like that, then nothing's gonna grow in them when they're not in use. :-) - -- Mike Uchima - -- uchima at fnal.gov Return to table of contents
Date: Tue, 12 Mar 1996 06:47:00 +1000 From: merino at cynergy.com.au (Charlie Scandrett) Subject: Channel Wars Rob Lauriston writes; (from Australia according to AK, been ethnically cleansed Rob?) >This is sometimes called 'top-dough' or by the German word 'tieg' >(prounounced 'teague' ;-) which means dough or paste. Handy word just >'cause it's shorter. I honestly thought it was "tigrr", well known German typing error and associate of Winnie the Pooh? I guess I see what I want to see. >There is no advantage to having this layer appear on the top of the mash. >In fact, it can be a disadvantage. Because the layer is so gluey, the >sparge water can have difficulty penetrating it. The layer can even act >like a piston and compact the whole bed, slowing the run-off to nil. I had >this happen once on a 10 Hl system. This is a good reason to stir up the >very top of the mash during lautering, so that the doughy stuff is >distributed among the larger particles, rather than in an impermeable layer. >The stirring also counter-acts channelling. There is one advantage, it is the *most* effective filter of lipids in the recycled first runnings. However its' main disadvantage is impermeability which, besides the hydrostatic piston effect, can be uneven, leading to channeling. I agree with mixing it with the topmost layer (1"). Al K. writes, >I contend that stirring the grain bed increases channelling. >This is how I justify this. Consider water running slowly through the >grain bed. Now here comes this rake or spoon that cuts a gorge into >the grain bed. The gorge disappears as quickly as it appeared because >there is a layer of water on top of the grain bed. What flowed into >the gorge? Grain? Water? It depends on if the prudent step of stopping the flow has been carried out. Grains *underwater* weigh very little and settle out easily and evenly depending on size. The dry SG of well modified malt is between 0.95 and 1.0 and would float if mashing-in had not replaced entrained air with water. The pronounced Archimedes effect of covering the bed with water means that the other factors are that much more important. Under hydrodynamic compaction from flow, hydrostatic compaction from teig (topdough piston effect), or gravitational compaction from grains above the water table, the grist particles don't settle easily into the raking void as they are "set". Jim Cave astutely observes in the first of the rural analogies, >No. Im not a hydrological engineer, just a stream biologist. >Obviously, erosion develops with water velocity and with time--streams >widen with time because of erosion. The stream analogy with a grain-bed >would indicate that channelling would also develop with time. Anything >that forces the process to start over again (e.g. stirring) would minimize >the development of channels. Mind you, recirculation may be necessary >to reset the grain bed and minimize rubidity of the wort. All of this is sound, time and flow rate are important in the development of channeling. If cloudy wort results from raking, it should be recycled because of the trub, lipids and unconverted starch in it. Also he notes, > I've been told by a commercial brew that rather than suffer through >a stuck mash (which often results in channeling--least flow of resistance >and all that) complete stiring and reseting of the grainbed is preferable. >If the mash has shown signs of sticking, it is best to do this >right away than deal with the concrete afterwards. >I've seen signs of channelling in the two times I've had a stuck >mash. There was a mottling of the grainbed and parts were sweet and others >were not. I suspect that I made the usual mistakes--recirculated too >quickly, and too much; too fine a grind; too much grain. Stuck sparges and channeling are different manifestations of the same thing. Watch for uneveness in the teig and flow rate and don't be afraid to start again. Dave H uses a river analogy, > heavy particles at bottom, teig-forming >"grain dust" (and hot break) settling last on the top. Like river sediment where >the big rocks settle first, and so forth, until the only thing still suspended >in the water is the silt particulate, which settles last. If you use adjuncts >such as corn or oats, the teig is very pronounced and you get either >channeling down the sides of the cooler, or a stuck runoff, both not a >good situation. >My ways around this, as you appear to have already discovered, are >to scratch the surface of the grain bed often during the sparge (or >even skim off some of the teig as it forms), or open the runoff flow >rapidly at first to set the grain bed before it has time to do the gradient >settling (or both). The "scratching" is more useful as the recycling of *lots* of cloudy first runnings will create a thinner but more protein/lipid concentrated teig. The gradient effect is useful for good filtering. Al writes from experience, >and have subsequently disturbed the grain bed a little (8" grain beds or so). >A quick look at my runnings showed that they had gotten a little cloudy >suddenly, but then cleared back up quickly. >I think that if you were to: >1. stop taking runnings, >2. stir the grain bed, >3. restart taking runnings into another vessel, >4. recirculate till the runnings are back to "pretty clear," >5. restart putting the runnings into the kettle, That is exactly the technique I would recommend to stir without more channelling. You have answered your own question Al. but then he distinguishes between "constant" or "occasional" >So there you have it. The bottom line is: a constant and thorough stirring >of the mash (SNIP) will reduce channeling (SNIP), And probably greatly increase lipids. > but probably is not needed for infusion mashes made with properly-crushed >grain. OK, and pH <5.5 > Cutting the grain bed or occasional stirring will increase channeling and >reduce the efficiency of the extraction. The elimination of hydrodynamic (flow pressure, I'll have a method of monitoring that in the FAQ) and extra gravitational force(exposed grain) on the *submerged* bed will alow *any* stirring to decrease channeling. Poorly modified malts, decoction mashed, will not settle after stirring as readily as they are heavier. In shallow homebrew lauter beds, there is not much hydrodynamic compaction unless the brewer is really running fast. (more on flow rates toomorrow) Thus, uneven teig (top dough) or too few wort outlets (see AK's excellent graphics on flow dynamics at "The Brewery") are probably the main cause of any channeling. Any stirring of the top of the bed while *stopped* will aleviate this. Under these conditions (stopped runnings, I see no logical distinction between "thorough" and "partial", or constant" and "occasional" except in the degree of the positive effect. This thread has added greatly to the upcoming Lauter FAQ which is obviously needed. I'll post the Channelling/Stuck Sparge extract toomorrow for comment. Charlie (Brisbane, Australia, where we quote AK!) My new rakes are horizontal,..... don't ask. Return to table of contents
Date: Mon, 11 Mar 1996 19:20:57 -0500 From: JamesN2405 at aol.com Subject: Water Ion Concentrations This table is reprinted (with permission) from Zymurgy Vol 14 No 5 (Winter 1991). It is from an article by Jon Rodin and Glenn Colon-Bonet. I cannot vouch for the accuracy of the data, but it is the only summary of this type that I have been able to find. Beer Recommended Ion Concentrations for Beer Styles (mgl/L) Style Ca++ Mg++ Na+ C03-- S04- - Cl- - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ - ----- Pale ale 100-150 20 20-30 0 300-425 30-50 Bitter 60-120 10 15-40 0 180-300 25-50 Mild 25-50 10 30-40 0 95-170 50-60 Brown ale 15-30 0 40-60 0 35-70 60-90 Scottish ale 20-30 0 12-20 0 50-70 18-30 Porter 60-70 0 40 60 50-70 60 Sweet stout 55-75 0 10-20 60-80 35-55 18-30 Dry stout 60-120 10 10-20 60-200 35-110 18-30 Pilsener 7 2-8 2 15 5-6 5 Light lager 35-55 0 20-35 0 85-130 35-55 Dark lager 75-90 0 40-60 90 35-70 60-90 Munich dark 50-75 0 5-15 60 20-35 5-20 Maerzen 30-60 0 30-40 0 70-140 45-60 Bock 55-65 0 40-60 60 35-55 60-90 Doppelbock 75-85 0 40-70 90 35-55 60-110 Alt 30-45 0 25-30 0 70-110 40-50 Weizen 15-30 0 5-15 0 35-70 10-20 Dortmunder 60-90 0 45-60 0 140-210 70-90 Jim Return to table of contents
Date: Mon, 11 Mar 1996 18:22:25 -0600 From: Marty Tippin <martyt at sky.net> Subject: Source for High-Temp Hose? I'm trying to find a source for some plastic tubing for my converted keg system that meets the following criteria: * FDA approved for food use * Capable of withstanding 212F wort for extended periods of time without plasticizing or otherwise breaking down and leeching crap into the wort * 5/8" ID * Available in a length of 6 to 10 feet - I don't need a 50 ft. roll! * Flexible * Reasonably affordable (like $5 per foot or less) >From what I've found, Norton Norprene A-60F tubing will fit the bill but I can't get it in anything less than 50 ft. rolls. Cole-Parmer has some other stuff that's available in 25 ft. rolls but is about $9 per foot. If anyone knows of a source for Norprene or some other tubing that will meet my needs, please let me know! -Marty martyt at sky.net Return to table of contents
Date: Mon, 11 Mar 1996 22:21:01 -0800 (PST) From: Douhan <gdouhan at wsunix.wsu.edu> Subject: hop downy mildew I am a graduate student at Washington State University giving a seminar on the importance of hop downy mildew in the pacific northwest. I would appreciate any relative info that anyone has out there in cyberspace. I would also like to get some general hop trivia for introductory purposes, i.e., quotes, facts, etc. Any help would be greatly appreciated. P.S. Any Mad River Brewing clones out there(Jamaica red, stealhead extra pale ale)? Greg Douhan Return to table of contents
Date: Tue, 12 Mar 1996 02:03:06 -0500 From: Brewizard at aol.com Subject: 2 day brewing? Are there any problems with doing a full mash brew over 2 days? I was thinking about going through the mashing/sparging stage on 1 day then boiling, etc. on the next. Return to table of contents
Date: Tue, 12 Mar 1996 05:35:38 EST From: "Calvin Perilloux" <dehtpkn9 at ibmmail.com> Subject: Uncl: Calories and Finishing Gravity John DeCarlo asks recently in HBD 1982... >I would still like to better understand how creating alcohol and loweri< >the FG results in fewer calories (probably just a result of chemical < >reactions that generate heat or something a chemist would understand). < Consider that yeast, as a living organism, cannot convert maltose and other sugars into alcohol without using a part of it to supply its own metabolic needs. Some fraction of the energy is lost. (This might be more complicated for nutrients that are more complex than the easily convertible sugars and alcohol we're dealing with in beer. Could certain complex nutrients actually be made more digestible and hence more calorie rich by certain conversions? Quite possibly, but the nutrients we're dealing with here are all very "convertible" as they are by the human body, which makes our concept here easier to grasp.) Given two wort samples of equal OG, the one ending in lower FG has had more alcohol created (with less than 100% efficiency calorie- wise) from the original sugars. The one ending in the higher FG has not had as much of this "calorie-wasting" metabolic activity going on, and hence it is higher in calories. Think of the heat generated by a rapid ferment. That's lost energy that could be going to your own waistline! Calvin Perilloux "Bayerisches Bier, dehtpkn9 at ibmmail.com Staerker als Heimweh" Erding, Germany Return to table of contents
Date: 11 Mar 96 16:57:01 EST From: aesoph at ncemt1.ctc.com (Aesoph, Michael) Subject: Distilled Beverages Dear Collective: A freind of mine has an old still that his grandfather made during prohibition. He states that it is not illegal to distill your own beverages. Is there any truth to this? If so, is distilling safe? I've thought about distilling some of my wine or pseudo-brandy into Brandy. Anyone know any good recipes for distilled beverages? Mike Aesoph Return to table of contents
Date: Tue, 12 Mar 1996 14:18:59 +200 From: "Braam Greyling" <ACG at knersus.nanoteq.co.za> Subject: Re-boiling the wort. Hi I have been wondering. I started fermenting an pale ale a week ago. Yesterday I wanted to bottle it and when I tasted it I was HORRIFIED by the taste. Bacterial infection ! Me bad brewer,bad bad bad brewer ;-) Now I was wondering. Could I re-'boil' this whole wort and yeast and everything.Maybe add some honey or sugar. And ferment it agian ? I know I wont get an excellent beer out of this but maybe it is drinkable. Or is it better to feed the drain's cockroaches ? Thanks Braam Greyling Design Engineer Nanoteq (Pty) Ltd tel. +27 (12) 665-1338 - ---- 24 hours in a day, 24 beers in a case ---- - ---- coincidence ????? ---- Return to table of contents
Date: Tue, 12 Mar 1996 14:39:30 +200 From: "Braam Greyling" <ACG at knersus.nanoteq.co.za> Subject: Making bread with used grains Hi there I would like to make some bread with the used grains after I brewed my favourite ale. Are there any recipes on the internet for baking bread with the spent grains ? I could not find any on the Cats Meow. If somebody have some recipes could you please please please send them to me ? If you e-mail me I will post a summary, it doesnt matter I read the digest anyway everyday. Cheers Braam Greyling Design Engineer Nanoteq (Pty) Ltd tel. +27 (12) 665-1338 - ---- 24 hours in a day, 24 beers in a case ---- - ---- coincidence ????? ---- Return to table of contents
Date: Tue, 12 Mar 1996 09:20:01 -0500 From: ajdel at interramp.com (A. J. deLange) Subject: Malt Liquor/Carbonation/Hangovers/Heaters Tracy Thomason asked about the practical differences between beer and malt liquor having seen that label on a bottle of Paulaner Hefe-Weizen. In this case it is a matter of definition by your state liquor control authority: anything above x% (presumably 5.2 or so in this case) ABV is malt liquor. There are, of course, lots of laughable regulations of this sort on the books of the 50. I believe, for example, that in Texas anything, be it barleywine or bock, above a certain strength must be labeled "ale". * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Greg Dolbec has had carbonation problems and suspects that the secondary fermentastion is not going forward. If this is indeed the case the beer will taste sweet from the unfermented priming sugar. If it is the case try placing a few drops of fermenting beer (as from the next batch) in each bottle or mixing a couple of cups of fermenting beer into the bottling bucket. It is possible (but unlikelyu) that a flocculant strain of yeast may settle out before bottling to the point where bottle fermentation is impeded. Do the bottles give a whoosh when opened? A common problem with extract brews is that the beer has no head retention whatsoever so that the carbonation, while there, escapes in huge bubbles in a couple of minutes. * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Greg also asks about hangover cures. There are lots of "eye of newt and toe of frog" sorts of things out there but it has been suggested that fructose will do the job. Fructose starts metabolism by a different pathway than glucose(for example it skips the points regulated by insulin) and hangover metabolites try to run certain parts of the metabolic system backwards. All the parts are coupled by elaborate feedback mechanisms so I suppose it's possible that fructose may straighten out the tangle that ethanol causes. Even if it is by placebo effect, it seems to work. It is readily available at health food stores (diabetics use it as a sweetener). My recipe: squeeze a lemmon into a small tumbler, add enough fructose to sweeten to lemonade level, add some water, mix and swill. * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Ken Shcwarz's idea for using diodes to contol power level is darn clever! How about using a diode and pair of switches on each of the elements to get four levels of heating a la: | <---------- 120VAC -------> | | | | Lo | | / | | Off |--/ --| | | / | Hi | Htr | |----/ ----|---->|--|--/\/\/\--| | On | | Lo | | / | | Off |--/ --| | | / | Hi | Htr | |----/ ----|---->|--|--/\/\/\--| On It should take less time to build this than it took me to do the ASCII art. A.J. deLange Numquam in dubio, saepe in errore! ajdel at interramp.com Return to table of contents
Date: Tue, 12 Mar 96 09:01:15 CST From: "Tracy Aquilla" <aquilla at salus.med.uvm.edu> Subject: calories In Digest 1982: John DeCarlo <jdecarlo at burp.org> wrote: [snip] >So, I am more interested in data that discusses the expected calories based >on the sources of those calories. As far as I can tell, there are two basic >areas: > 1) Ingredients (corn/wheat/malt, fermentables vs. non-fermentables, etc.) > 2) Fermentation (how much alcohol the yeast produced, resulting FG, etc.) Ethanol has 7 kcal/g, carbohydrates and proteins 4 kcal/g, and fats 9 kcal/g. Dietary calories (abbrev. C) are actually kilocalories. >I think the previous data presented gives some info on a generic recipe >only concerned with OG or Real Extract, so gives some data for 2). However, >I would still like to better understand how creating alcohol and lowering >the FG results in fewer calories (probably just a result of chemical >reactions that generate heat or something a chemist would understand). You got it. The yeast gives off a lot of heat during fermentation. >Still, is it really true that it doesn't matter what ingredients you use and >how fermentable they are, except for how that affects the OG and FG? That >may very well be true, but I wouldn't have guessed it. Also, does it >more-or-less assume all barley, or all barley/rice/corn/wheat/rye? What >about if you add sugar or honey or cherries? Since were mostly talking about carbohydrates here, the source is insignificant. Any carbos that dissolve will contribute to specific gravity. The carbos yeast can't use (dextrins, starch, etc.) will just contribute to the calories in the finished beer. Tracy Return to table of contents
Date: Tue, 12 Mar 1996 07:14:39 -0700 From: mck at yar.cusa.com (Michael Kerns) Subject: recipes With warm weather approaching, I was wondering if anyone out there had extract recipes for steam beers or pale ales they would be willing to share. My basement is stocked with porters and stouts, I'm looking for something a little lighter. Many thanks for the shared wisdom. Private email is fine. Incidentally, I realize that for the more experienced brewers this is a technical resource; but I personally like the recipes I get off of here and sincerely thank those who post their favorites. I've tried many and haven't got a bad one yet. TIA to all who reply. Mike Return to table of contents
Date: Tue, 12 Mar 1996 09:20:46 -0500 From: iaciofano at leds.shr.tdh.qntm.com (Ed, Quantum PE (508) 770-2251) Subject: Electric elements, wiring KennyEddy writes: >For a typical household 120V circuit, the breaker will trip at about 15A. >There are probably some 20A circuits scattered around; usually the wiring >gauge is the same (but check with an electrician to be sure this is the case >at YOUR house!), so it might be a simple matter of installing a 20A breaker >in place of the 15A connected to your brewing area outlets. Umm, I'd be *real* carefull about this. The "simple matter" of replacing the breaker with a bigger one reminds me of replacing an old screw type fuse with a penny. Yeah, ask an electrician and see what he says. Most electricians I know (and I do know more than a few) always match the current ratings of the wire and breaker. Also, while I'm thinking of it. There's been some talk about using the burner connector on an electric stove as 240V access. If you can make a good mechanical connection so that shorting and ohmic heating aren't a problem, the important thing you have to check is that you are not violating the wattage rating of the connector. The wattage for electric elements is usually stamped on the burner support bracket. Most small size burners are about 1800 watts, with the larger ones at around 2400 watts. DO NOT exceed these wattages with whatever you hook up to the burner connectors. Regards, /Ed_I (electric stovetop brewer) Return to table of contents
Date: Tue, 12 Mar 1996 10:32:16 -0500 From: "Matt S. Grady" <gradym at btv.ibm.com> Subject: In #1982, Nick Dahl writes: >I'm moving from extract to partial mash brewing, but like many people, just >don't have the time to commit to an "all-day and all-of-the-night" brew >schedule. This is why I'd like to do a partial mash on one evening, >collect the "sweet liquid wort" in a sterile container, refrigerate it >overnight, then do an extract boil the next day, using yesterday's results >as the "second can." >Actually, I think this study has repercussions for brewers who want to move >to all-grain brewing, but do not have the space or want to invest in the >equipment needed to pull off an all-grain brew with extract equipment. >However, like Bob, I'd value all opinions, particularly those who think the >idea is crazy. I am finding that mashing is not really taking that much more time than brewing with extracts, and that things are getting faster the more batches I make. Here's a rough 5 hr schedule that I generally follow: Water to strike temp - 15 min Mash, get sparge water ready - 1.5 hrs Lauter/sparge - 45 min Boil & cleanup - 1.5 hrs Chill & cleanup - 30 min Aerate, pitch & final cleanup - 30 min. SO - starting at about 6pm, I generally finish up at about 11. Much of the 1st 2 hrs is spent letting the mash work, so one has time to read to the kids, pet the dog, hug the spouse, etc. I get as much sanitation out of the way as possible the night before brew night, and have generally been building a yeast starter in the days before as well. I also find the incremental equipment expense minimal. I mash on the stove with my original 5 gal. boiler. A 2nd 4 gal. pot was purchased so all the wort could be boiled ($25), and a 2nd 5 gal. plastic bucket ($4) was purchased to drill holes in to make a lauter tun (already had a bottling bucket for the bottom half of the tun). Chilling is done in a bathtub with water/snow/ice, along with 2l frozen pop bottle 'immersion chillers' (free). This 'equipment' has worked well for me for many batches. In short, I would encourage anyone interested in adding mashing to their brewing regimen to make the incremental $ investment, and not worry too much about the process taking too much time. You will find your own way to improve upon the above and fit it in, and you will probably be very pleased with the results. Matt Return to table of contents
Date: Tue, 12 Mar 1996 10:59:02 -0500 From: dharsh at alpha.che.uc.edu (David C. Harsh) Subject: Two gauge regulators Al wrote: >Art asks: >>Are two gauge regulators better than single gauge? > >In my opinion: marginally better. You see, the high-pressure gauge >should warn you when you are running out of gas, right? Well, the >problem is that it does not change (unless you change the temperature) >until all the liquid CO2 has turned to gas. CO2 is *not* liquified when delivered in compressed gas cylinders. The saturation pressure of of CO2 at 70 F is 853.4 psia, size K cylinders come at about 850 psia when full, the 5 lb cylinders most homebrewers use are filled to 500 psia. (Below the saturation pressure, CO2 exists as a gas.) The pressure will change continuously while the supply is depleted. Propane is delivered as a liquid, and Al's points are valid for propane tank pressure gauges that some people sell. I agree that the two gauge regulator for CO2 is only marginally better, but I would still get a two gauge regulator if I had it to do over - my experience has been that the pressure falls extremely rapidly at the lower end of the pressure gauge and it would be nice to have *some* warning. Dave Return to table of contents
Date: Tue, 12 Mar 1996 11:45:30 -0500 From: Spencer W Thomas <spencer at engin.umich.edu> Subject: Re: Electric Boilers >>>>> "KennyEddy" == KennyEddy <KennyEddy at aol.com> writes: KennyEddy> For a typical household 120V circuit, the breaker will KennyEddy> trip at about 15A. There are probably some 20A KennyEddy> circuits scattered around; usually the wiring gauge is KennyEddy> the same WHOA! Slow down! * A 20A circuit requires 12 gauge wire, while a 15A circuit requires only 14 gauge (14 gauge is smaller than 12 gauge). DO NOT replace a 15A breaker with a 20A breaker without being SURE that the wire is the right gauge *all the way* from the breaker panel to the outlet, AND that all the switches and outlets on the circuit are rated for 20A (most modern fixtures are). * Kitchen outlets, under *current* electric code, must be on 20A circuits. This is good news. * A 15A circuit is only rated for 13A continuous load, although it won't trip the breaker. * You should be able to get 1125W out of a 15A circuit. Heck, some hair dryers are rated at 1500 W. =Spencer Return to table of contents
Date: Tue, 12 Mar 1996 11:56:51 -0500 From: Victor J Farren <wigwam at jhunix.hcf.jhu.edu> Subject: culturing a 3 strain yeast... I recently aquired some yeat from a friend of mine that works in a brewpub. Technically speaking he wasn't supposed to do that, but that is the advantage of having friends. The yeast is supposed to be a triple strain: a strong starting yeast, a strong middle yeast and a strong finishing yeast. This is a top flocculating ale yeast that I am interested in culturing. I would think that I could harvest that yeast off of the top of a primary fermenting bucket right before I rack it into the secondary fermenter. But here is the question: Since it is a triple strain, at the point of harvesting (after primary fermentation) will most of the begginer and middle strain have droppped to the bottom, or will there be enough to ensure an even mix in the subsequent culture? I think that if I "relax and have a homebrew" while I am culturing, all will be fine, but I am interested in any comments people might have. By the way, the yeast really kicks! Victor Farren Return to table of contents
Date: Tue, 12 Mar 1996 12:01:40 EST From: "Calvin Perilloux" <dehtpkn9 at ibmmail.com> Subject: Uncl: Beer/malt liquor In HBD 1982 (I think), Tracy Thomason asks about the practical difference in malt liquor and beer/ale. Paulaner Hefe-Weizen was labelled as "malt liquor". Tracy, are you doing you drinking in the Great State of Texas? During my time there, I remember drinking the very same beer, and it was also labelled Malt Liquor back then. Actually, the label was overstamped after the fact, with the word "BEER" and the alcohol content blotted out, and then the new "Malt Liquor" words were printed next to there! The rule, as I heard at the time but did not see myself in print in the law books, is that alcoholic malt beverages like beer that are over 5% alcohol must be labelled as malt liquor. Paulaner Hefe-Weizen was 5.1% if I remember correctly (from there and bottles here). Hence, you are not allowed to call it beer. Ale, stout, malt liquor. But not beer. It's a ridiculous law that turns the truth-in-labelling rules on their heads, but I guess it's still a current law. Calvin Perilloux "Bayerisches Bier, dehtpkn9 at ibmmail.com Staerker als Heimweh" Erding, Germany Return to table of contents
Date: Tue, 12 Mar 1996 12:03:35 EST From: "Calvin Perilloux" <dehtpkn9 at ibmmail.com> Subject: Uncl: Homebrewers in Berlin?? Jeff Mizener, in HBD 1982, is looking for homebrewers in Germany. Here's some information about that, for Jeff and whoever else is interested in joining the ranks of homebrewers in Germany. Yes, there are a few of us here, perhaps not as many as we'd like to see, but with the cheap, excellent beer available all over out here, we don't have as much incentive to brew. Not only that, the price of apartments is a bit high, and so most people are cramped for room, a further disincentive. Then, with fewer homebrewers to feed the market, there are far fewer homebrew shops here than in relatively well covered North America, and so fewer people are introduced to homebrewing, and so... anyway... A group called Vereinigung der Haus- und Hobbybrauer in Deutschland e.V. (German Homebrewers Association) promotes homebrewing in Germany. I'm currently the treasurer, for another week anyway, so I can pass on a bit of information about it if needed. We currently have 60-something members from throughout Germany, with a noticeable concentration in Franken. Members get our newsletter, which contains a list of homebrew suppliers in Germany and information about homebrew activities and a planned magazine that will come out later this year. We're electing a new Board of Directors in the next week, so the addresses for information will probably change from those we have right now. Members come from all over Germany, and we have no main office, so the address is wherever the President lives. Anyone wanting more details in English, send me a personal e-mail (see address below) and I'll send back info on how to join. My suggestion to Jeff, judging from my own experience as a homebrewer moving here from the States and then looking for more equipment and ingredients here in Germany is to try to bring everything you think you might need. Everything, all equipment, spare parts, your brewing pot, grain mill, etc. It's all much more expensive here, if you can even find what you want. (Cascade hops? Good luck!) Even bring over hops, yeast (if you can) and even malt and malt extract if your move is paid for. Hops are surprisingly expensive when you try to buy them in small, homebrew quantities. Finding North American and even English ingredients isn't easy at all, and those are the types of beers I brew. (When I want a fresh Helles I step across the street for better stuff than I ever brewed in the States, and cheaper.) It's quite feasible, if your German is good enough, to beg malt and hops and yeast from your local brewmaster, which is what a few of our members do, keeping in mind that you won't have a big variety of ingredients to choose from, restricting part of the fun of homebrewing. (Oh, I miss the dozens of malt types in the States.) Don't forget to register to brew beer once you get here. You didn't think you'd be able to do anything fun here without filling out a few forms, did you? This is, after all, Germany. Fonrtunately, rules for homebrew have been simplified in the last couple of years, so there is not so much paperwork as before, but you still are required to register with a simple letter sent to the nearest Hauptzollamt stating where and when you plan to brew, liters per batch, what the degree Plato (approx) will be, and (ideally) state that you will not be brewing over 200 liters per year. More than that gets complicated, as I found out after spending an afternoon at the Hauptzollamt-Muenchen-West recently on my quest for information about homebrew regulations. The good news about brewing here is that the temperatures are generally pretty conducive to beer brewing. It's no problem keeping your home down in the 60's for 8 months out of the year! During the summer, cellars still are cold enough for cool ale ferments. That makes for nice, clean beer. Just make sure your ale yeast doesn't go into hibernation in the cellar in winter. So for anyone in D-land wanting information on brewing, drop me an E-mail. Because of constant job hassles, I can't guarantee quick response, but I'll do my best. Calvin Perilloux "Bayerisches Bier, dehtpkn9 at ibmmail.com Staerker als Heimweh" Erding, Germany Return to table of contents
Date: Tue, 12 Mar 1996 12:01:05 -0500 From: Victor J Farren <wigwam at jhunix.hcf.jhu.edu> Subject: Re:Help my beer is infected..Wayne Wight Your beer may not be infected. In fact, those little bubbles may be the result of continuing fermentation. I am not familiar with the recipie for Brown Ale, but if it contains slow fermenting sugars such as honey, it may just be that it is still fermenting. I am brewing a mead (actually, has been fermenting since December) and have experienced similar sights and fears. Al it was was tiny bubbles of CO2 that were coming together at the surface. The best way to tell if it is infected is to taste it. I recommend getting a sterilized turkey baster and taking a sampler of your beer. It would be a pity to throw away a perfectly good batch. Victir Farren Return to table of contents
Date: Tue, 12 Mar 1996 12:10:39 -0500 (EST) From: waterr at rpi.edu (Bob Waterfall) Subject: Diacetyl and 2,3-pentanedione/ Copyright Al Korzonas says in HBD 1979 (I'm just catching up after vacation): >2,3-pentanedione lends a honey-like flavour/aroma to the beer. George >Fix says, in his Principles of Brewing Science, that there is a Belgian beer >that has a very prominent 2,3-pentanedione character, but I'm not sure which >one he means... George? Anyone else? I don't know what beer Dr. Fix is talking about, in fact I've never read his book. However, my guess is La Chouffe. I had a taste at a beer festival last fall and my first thought was "HONEY!!!". I even asked the rep. (from the distributor, not the brewery) if he knew if it was made with honey. He had no idea. bob rogers says in 1980: >OTOH: if they take all the facts presented here and publish them, there >would be no problem. Of course there's a problem; separating the facts from the myths, legends, and "momilies". :^) Bob Waterfall <waterr at rpi.edu>, Troy, NY, USA Return to table of contents
Date: Tue, 12 Mar 1996 10:41:15 -0700 From: nealc at selway.umt.edu (Neal Christensen) Subject: Corny Compatible All right, I was wrong. Compatible threads between pin-lock and ball-lock fittings are the exception rather than the rule - sorry for the miss-info. I do use a mixed system of ball and pin-lock kegs. The way I deal with it is to make all of my lines with threaded nuts to connect to threaded connectors rather than hose-barb connectors. That way I can easily use either type of keg and connector in-line. Return to table of contents
Date: Tue, 12 Mar 1996 10:58:41 -0700 From: cgeden at nervm.nerdc.ufl.edu (Chris Geden) Subject: Split-day brewing FWIW, I've been doing partial mashes with a split brew day for about six months with excellent results. I usually mash 2-4 lb of grain and sparge out to a total of 1-2 gal. I put the runnings in the fridge in washed milk jugs until the next day (sometimes 2-3 days), then boil the runnings plus water plus extract/specialty grains/hops etc as usual for a full-volume boil. Why not? The runnings are nearly sterile when they go in the milk jugs, they are then kept cold, and they are boiled again anyway. This allows me to concentrate on doing a good job with the mashing and sparging without worrying about the long brew day ahead. It also means not tying up an entire weekend day with brewing and thus avoids BRSD (brewing-related spousal disapproval). Chris Geden Gainesville ,FL Return to table of contents
Date: Tue, 12 Mar 1996 13:23:27 -0500 From: KennyEddy at aol.com Subject: Wire Gauges and Circuit Breakers for Electric Boilers Spencer called my hand with a comment about 15A and 20A circuits "usually" having the same wire gauge. He's right, using the word "usually" was overly optimistic, although it's certainly not unheard-of. I DID however also admonish the reader to have their particular situation verified before making any assumptions, and I REITERATE that point: ******************************************************************* DON'T ASSUME THAT YOUR 15A CIRCUIT IS 20A-CAPABLE WITHOUT HAVING IT CHECKED BY A QUALIFIED ELECTRICIAN!! ******************************************************************* Please also note that my wiring suggestions in the previous post ARE based on the use of a 20A circuit!! I said you could try it on a 15A circuit but you'd probably trip the breaker. The way I presented it was potentially confusing, however. Spencer's concern is apparently that the boiler could operate in the no-man's land between the 13A max rating and the 15A trip level, which *is* about where it would end up. And he's right about the kitchen wiring being 20A, which *is* good news (in this case, the addition of a GFI outlet is all that's needed, if there's not one already there). Spencer's emphasis of the wire gauge issue is VITAL to the safe operation of this setup. I thank him for pointing this out, and I apologize if I confused or misled anyone. USE ONLY A 20A MINIMUM RATED CIRCUIT -- WIRING *AND* BREAKER -- FOR THESE ELECTRIC BOILERS !! There. Ken Schwartz KennyEddy at aol.com Return to table of contents
Date: Tue, 12 Mar 1996 14:01:52 -0500 From: RUSt1d? <rust1d at swamp.li.com> Subject: Large fermenter What are the thoughts of using a 15+ gallon fish tank as a primary open fermenter. Or can anyone tell me where to find carboys in the 10+ gallon range? ************************** ** rust1d at li.com ** ** John Nicholas Varady ** ** Eve Courtney Hoyt ** ************************** http://www.netaxs.com/people/vectorsys/index.html Return to table of contents
Date: Tue, 12 Mar 1996 20:46:16 +0100 From: bush at shbf.se (Robert Bush) Subject: Re:Royal Oak pale ale Hi, Dan Pack asked about Royal Oak in HBD #1982: >I thought I detected a hint of oak in this beer. And that fact, together with >the name.... >Does anyone know anything about this beer? Possibly aged in oak? I have found this beer very toffee-ish in both nose and mouth and also some pear flavour (and of course lots of hops) but I can't say I have detected any oak in it. The following recipe comes from a book by a British author (Roger Protz): 23 litres (final volume), OG 1048, FG 1011, 30 EBU 4 200 g Pale malt 530 g Crystal malt In the copper: 530 g Maltose syrup 42 g Fuggles (90 min) 35 g Goldings (90 min) 10 g Goldings (15 min) 1 tsp Irish moss (15 min) It's infusion mashed at 65 deg C for 90 minutes and Protz suggests a boil time of 2 hrs but IMO a 90 min boil is enough for most beers. I also wouldn't be afraid of dry-hopping this beer with some Goldings (even Styrian). If anyone tries this, let us know how it was. %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% WASSAIL! %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% % Robert Bush Computer: Macintosh % % Eskilstuna,SWEDEN E-mail: bush at shbf.se % %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Return to table of contents
Date: Tue, 12 Mar 1996 13:28:00 -0500 From: "brian (b.j.) grier" <bjgrier at bnr.ca> Subject: DO NOT DO THIS!!!!! (was Electric Boilers) In HBD #1982 ... >Date: Sat, 9 Mar 1996 11:30:49 -0500 >From: KennyEddy at aol.com >Subject: Electric Boilers > >For a typical household 120V circuit, the breaker will trip at about 15A. > There are probably some 20A circuits scattered around; usually the wiring >gauge is the same (but check with an electrician to be sure this is the case >at YOUR house!), so it might be a simple matter of installing a 20A breaker >in place of the 15A connected to your brewing area outlets. DO NOT CHANGE YOUR BREAKERS/FUSES FROM 15 to 20 amps UNLESS YOU ARE ABSOLUTELY SURE THAT THE ENTIRE CIRCUIT IS 12gauge WIRE!!!!!!! Passing 20 amps through a 14guage wire will cause the wire to heat excessively and can start a fire. If the cause of the fire is traced to this modification your home owners insurance WILL NOT cover any damages. Brian Return to table of contents