HOMEBREW Digest #2002 Thu 04 April 1996

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	FORUM ON BEER, HOMEBREWING, AND RELATED ISSUES
		Rob Gardner, Digest Janitor


Contents:
  curacao/6-row malt/Duvel/crushing crystal/round bitters/wheat tannins/ale ferments (Algis R Korzonas)
  2nd Small and Tiny Homebrew Competition (Spencer W Thomas)
  hand stuck in carboy (Rolland Everitt)
  Adjunct, Additives, Adultery, Advice, Astringency, Aristotle. (Russell Mast)
  Re: Wort Cooling (Chris Strickland)
  Hmm!  Must be doing something wrong (Chris Strickland)
  Mushroom Pilsner?! (H J Luer)
  Mushrooms in my beer! ("Clark D. Ritchie")
  Alkalinity (A. J. deLange)
  Bitterness (A. J. deLange)
  Re: Wadworths brewery (Nigel Townsend)
  re: Adjunct question(s) (bgrant)
  O2 Regulator (A. J. deLange)
  Seltzer aftertaste (gravels)
  RE: High FG Probs ("Palmer.John")
  Kelly's in Key West (guym)
  Re: Scale Watcher ("Palmer.John")
  Yeast Generations and Attenuation (Douglas O'Brien)
  Life of refrigerated Wyeast (Ray Gaffield)
  HELP: Where do I find hops rhizomes? (Bill Press)
  Re: Boiling Question / Mini - Kegs (Rosenzweig,Steve)
  Beer for school lunches (guym)
  Yeast for a barleywine (Orval Jewell)
  Re: Wyeast 1968 - London ESB strain (Chris Cooper)
  Water Questions ("John  Lifer, Jr.")

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---------------------------------------------------------------------- Date: Tue, 2 Apr 96 14:24:16 CST From: korz at pubs.ih.att.com (Algis R Korzonas) Subject: curacao/6-row malt/Duvel/crushing crystal/round bitters/wheat tannins/ale ferments Bart writes: >peel, perhaps 1/10 ounce was added. The orange peel was labelled "Belgian >bitter orange peel, curacao type" Regarding the taste after 60 minutes of boiling: >strong orange flavor with a bitter tinge. Definite orange color. I'm skeptical. Curacao orange peel is not orange (it's kind of grayish- green) and it does not add a "grocery store" orange flavour. The flavour it adds has been called "similar to Chamomille." Incidentally, I think that it is the yeast that gives Celis White its orange-like flavour. I made a clone in which I did not add any orange peel at all and used the Wyeast Belgian Witbier (#3944) and got a strong orange aroma and flavour. *** David writes: >Unfortunately, any discussion of the pros and cons of 6-row is scarce >and, so far, Noonan's in BLB is the best I have been able to find. As >many of your know, his evaluation of this type of malt is >less-than-flattering and rather curt. Here are his misgivings and my >questions: > >1)He says that this type of malt's high protein content will cause problems >with "clairity and stability"--What does he mean by stability? Won't a >good protein rest(s) do the trick here? Have you ever seen very old bottles of some imports with a sort of jelly- like white stuff in the bottom? This is coagulated protein. I suspect that this is what Noonan's talking about. Yes, a good protein rest will take care of those proteins. >2)The finished beer will be darker and heavier tasting--Why is this? >6-row is generally rated as only contributing 1.7L/lb/gal. Hmmm... Perhaps he's thinking more tannins would mean more colour (which it would if you're not careful), but if you watch the pH it should not be a problem. >3)The husk to endosperm ratio will lead to "harsh flavors"--Is he merely >referring to tannins here? Won't attention to mash pH obviate any >problems here? Yes. If you watch pH, it's not a problem. *** Ludwig writes: >I'm from North of France, near Belgium where there's a lot of realy good >stuff ! >One of my favorite beer is DUVEL !! >Does somebody taste it ? Yes. We get it here in the US and most will agree with you that it is an excellent, world-class beer. *** Paul writes: > If I use the rolling pin method, how do I know when I've > sufficientlly crushed the grains? That 3 to 5 piece rule > leaves a little something to be desired if you don't know > what you're looking for. Just crush them till 90% or more of the grains are broken open. > Since I'm not sparging (other than straining througha seive > with cheesecloth in it), what difference does it make how > small the grain pieces are? Wouldn't finely pulverized > particles dissolve more readily (not the particles, the > sugars in them)? Earlier in his post, Paul's wife was suggesting a coffee grinder, so this is why he asks about why pulverized grains (which is definitely what you would get in a coffee grinder) would be a problem. Well, if you crush the grains too fine, you won't be able to get a lot of the husk pieces out of the wort (a lot will slip through your cheesecloth) and you would end up boiling them. > I heated a gallon and a half of cold water to ~150 F and > held the grains at that temperature for about 15 minutes, > then raised the temp to the start of boiling when I > strained out the grains. Can I cause HSA by aerating this > hot 'adjunct tea' by straning before adding the malt > extract? Yes, aerating this crystal malt and dark malt "tea" (they are not really adjuncts -- adjucts are things like potatoes, corn, cornstarch, wheat flour... non-malt starch sources) would cause oxidation of malt compounds which would give similar flavours to those you get from aerating hot wort. Not as noticeable as if you aerated the whole 5 gallons of finished 1.050 wort when it was hot, but I recommend avoiding it anyway. *** Frank writes: > My brewing partner and I have been fairly >successful so far in the brews we're putting together. >We've not tried grain brewing yet, but will get there >eventually. One problem we've had is getting a truely >sharp, bitter taste in our bitters. By and large, we've >wound up with a tendency for a somewhat sweet and >gentle bitter. What's the secret? Sulphates! That's the key. That long, dry, bitter finish is a result of high hop rates and high levels of sulphates. Find out what your water has and add gypsum till you get it up to about 500-700 ppm of sulphate. *** Michael writes: >I just made my first all grain wheat bier. I looked in the AHA wheat beer >book, Lager Beers, and Miller's Brewing the World great beers for infomation >on wheat. Is astringency a problem from over sparging/ph like with barley >based beers. I have yet to find any discussion. Yes it is a problem but not as much as with an all-barley malt beer since the wheat has no husks. You should still watch the pH and keep it from getting too much over 5.8 or so. *** Duffy writes: >I know what happens to lager yeasts when they are fermented too warm, but >what ill effects would fermenting an ale on the cool side have? I have a >closet that has stayed in the 64-66 F range this winter that I would like to >ferment in. Sounds like a great temperature for ales. Some yeasts work rather slowly at these temperatures, but there are very few that won't work at all. If you use a decent-sized starter (500ml or more), virtually any yeast will be very happy. Al. Al Korzonas, Palos Hills, IL korz at pubs.att.com Copyright 1996 Al Korzonas Return to table of contents
Date: Tue, 02 Apr 1996 16:25:26 -0500 From: Spencer W Thomas <spencer at engin.umich.edu> Subject: 2nd Small and Tiny Homebrew Competition Entries are now being accepted for the 2nd Small and Tiny Homebrew Competition, through April 12. See http://realbeer.com/spencer/AABG/Small_and_Tiny.html or send me e-mail and I'll snail-mail you entry info ASAP. The web page includes an on-line entry form that will create bottle labels for you to print out and attach to your entry. What's it about? The S&T competition recognizes those low-gravity beers with real character. Sure, big beers are fun to make (and drink :-), but some of the best beers I've had have been "poundable" (that's one you can "pound" all night and still drive home). In ordinary competitions, these beers usually don't do well, because they're overpowered by the big guys. Well, the big guys can't enter this competition. Any beer with an OG 1.043 or less is eligible to enter and win! Beers with an OG 1.035 or less get their own category ("Tiny"), too. =Spencer Thomas in Ann Arbor, MI (spencer at umich.edu) Return to table of contents
Date: Tue, 2 Apr 1996 17:24:53 -0500 From: af509 at osfn.rhilinet.gov (Rolland Everitt) Subject: hand stuck in carboy I want to express my sincere thanks to all those who responded, either directly or through the digest, to my plea for help. I received quite a number of, ummm... creative suggestions as to what to do with my carboy. Luckily, the problem solved itself at the stroke of midnight on April 1 - the carboy slipped off my hand without breaking. Rolland Everitt af509 at osfn.rhilinet.gov Return to table of contents
Date: Tue, 2 Apr 1996 17:33:48 -0600 From: Russell Mast <rmast at fnbc.com> Subject: Adjunct, Additives, Adultery, Advice, Astringency, Aristotle. > From: Paul Ward <paulw at doc.state.vt.us> > Subject: Adjunct Question(s) > using adjunct grains (crystal and black patent). Those aren't adjunct grains. Those are specialty malts. It may sound picky, but they are two very different things. > If I use the rolling pin method, how do I know when I've > sufficientlly crushed the grains? Don't powder them, and make sure that their husks are broken. > Wouldn't finely pulverized > particles dissolve more readily (not the particles, the > sugars in them)? That's the problem - the particles ALSO dissolve more readily, and you don't want them in your beer. (Many of them become suspended rather than dissolve, but you still don't want them in yer wort.) > From: Tom Messenger <kmesseng at slonet.org> > Subject: Re: additives > > Tom, I'm willing to help you out here. Give your wife lots of whatever it is > that makes her "squirrely" and send her to me. I'll test and report back. Hey! Watch that talk, mister. This is a family show. Do you want the DOJ to bring the CDA down on the HBD? > From: fpf at gasco.com (Frank Ferguson x3584) > Subject: Advice on getting that "bitter" flavor > It there something we're missing here? Are you doing full-volume boils? If you're not, your hop utilization will be really low. (FVB is when you boil all of it together at once, as opposed to boiling up part of it and adding to cold water.) > From: mcguire at hvsun40.mdc.com (Michael McGuire) > Subject: Wheat/Astringency?? > on wheat. Is astringency a problem from over sparging/ph like with barley > based beers. I have yet to find any discussion. Well, unless you're doing 100% wheat, the barley in there will be as problematic as barley anywhere else. I think there is less tannin in wheat malt than barley malt, maybe none at all, but I don't really know. > I used first wort hopping as suggested recently on HBD for pilsners. > Anyone out there have experience with this?? in wheat beers Two of my friends and I did the same thing on Sunday. Expect a full report soon. The stuff smelled GREAT while brewing, very spicey. The sample in the hydrometer tasted good, but not overhopped. I'm pretty hopeful. > I had no problems with runnoff. Neither did we. We decided to try using a little barley in there, and some rice hulls, too. (I've done it without rice hulls, and it seemed to work fine, too.) For Seven Gallons (two batches, one 3 gal, one 4 gal, details fuzzy): 10# Belgian Wheat 2# Belgian Pils 1# rice hulls. (You fargin rice hulls!) I don't have the whole mash schedule here. We did a step infusion mash. We got pretty low extraction, which I usually get with so much wheat. In the 4 gallon, we FWH'd with 1 oz Hersbrucker Hallertau 3%, and then added 1.5 more 60 minutes before the end of the boil. In the 3 gallon, we did no FWH, but added 2 oz. to the boil, all of it 60 minutes before the end. Then, 15 minutes before the end, we added about 1 2/3 oz freshly grated ginger. We'll see how it turns out. Michael - what kind of hops and how much did you use? > From: Bill Rust <wrust at csc.com> > Subject: Ice Beer, Beer for Kids??? > >However, I believe in a classical education as the Great Books series of > >Adler and Hutchison and all that stuff, and if I had a kid I would want I would want to keep him outta the lab school lest he become an egghead with a propensity for obscure inside jokes. -R Return to table of contents
Date: Tue, 2 Apr 1996 20:00:28 -0500 From: Chris Strickland <cstrick at iu.net> Subject: Re: Wort Cooling > I keep my 6 gallon carboy in a plastic (metal would work) tub, with >about 3 to 6 inches of water in the bottom. A good sized towel wrapped >around the carboy and touching the water will act like a wick, sucking >up the water, and cooling the wort by evaporation. That kept the wort >temp down to about 68. I live in Central Florida, where we think it's an Artic cold-front when it drops to below freezing. It does get that cold a couple of days a year. But in the summer I keep the house at 80, my carboy in a pan of water, wrapped with a towel. It's amazing, but the wort is kept around 67F. I wouldn't have believed that the evaporating cooling effect would drop it 13F. >This cooling will also extend the >fermentation time, and also result in much less violent fermentation. >I've CC'd this to the collective, just in case I really have taken leave >of my (few) senses and someone wants to set me straight! On the other >hand, this may be a valuable hint! Good luck. > I was wondering why I don't get violent ferments anymore. They went away about the time I starting putting my carboy in a pan of water. (Actually a kitty litter box, clean of course). - -------------- Chris Strickland cstrick at iu.net http://www.teg.saic.com/mote/people.html Return to table of contents
Date: Tue, 2 Apr 1996 20:00:51 -0500 From: Chris Strickland <cstrick at iu.net> Subject: Hmm! Must be doing something wrong I don't use my hydrometer anymore. I just watch the bubbles drop to about 2-3 per minute, and the beer's done. I don't measure points, I just use a 3lb coffee can (three times) and 1lb coffee can to scoop out my grain. I do actually weight my hops, but don't really pay attention to the alpha levels, though I do try and use the same type of hops. My conversation stage temp (whatever the technical term is) is anywhere from 150-165F. My sparge is starts around 180-190F, I believe it drops to about 170F by the time it hits the grain. Not sure, I just make sure it goes slow, and use somewhere around 7 gallons of water. I think that's out big my water bucket is. But darn it, the beer keeps coming out tasting good. What the heck am I doing right? Maybe one day I'll start paying more attention to the scientific stuff. So what's this moron trying to say? For you newbies out there, worrying, well darn it, just stop it. Make the beer, drink it and relax. - -------------- Chris Strickland cstrick at iu.net http://www.teg.saic.com/mote/people.html Return to table of contents
Date: Tue, 2 Apr 1996 10:13:12 +0500 From: hjl at harpo.wh.att.com (H J Luer) Subject: Mushroom Pilsner?! Regarding mushroom "Pilsner"...Al Stevens is the victim of a punster. Germans frequently refer to pilsner beer as "pils" and usually order it as such. The pronunciation is identical to "Pilz" which is German for "mushroom". There is no connection to the flora of the Czech Republic. Hank .//' Return to table of contents
Date: Tue, 02 Apr 1996 17:45:56 -0800 From: "Clark D. Ritchie" <ritchie at ups.edu> Subject: Mushrooms in my beer! All, I don't know about you, but I find this recent thread on mushroom beer rather amusing. For the record, I agree with Steve Alexander that many mushrooms are poisionous and should be avoided. Other mushrooms, however, are quite tasty and in fact, can make really great beer! Here in the Pacific North West, it rains a lot and the damp environment is ideal for all sorts of wild mushrooms. As a result, local brewers have adapted amazingly well and many have developed quite a repetoire of mushroom-related beers. Some, in fact, are so wonderful that they'll keep you up for hours just thinking (as if in circles) about them! If you are ever in this neck of the woods, check out some of the local favorites like Cubenza Cream Ale, Blue Ringer Stout, Fat Cap Lager and my personal favorite, Psilocybin Porter. You won't believe your eyes... CDR PS - Make sure you eat the sediment at the bottom of the bottle! Clark D. Ritchie, ritchie at ups.edu Return to table of contents
Date: Tue, 2 Apr 1996 23:28:37 -0500 From: ajdel at interramp.com (A. J. deLange) Subject: Alkalinity In #2000 Ken Schwarz asked for discussion of alkalinity. The following picture may help in understanding of what follows. x = Carbonic * = bicarbonate o = carbonate 100% x x x x * * * o o o o o o o o o x * * o x * * o x * * o x * * o x o * x o * * x o * * x o * * x * 0% * * * * * o o o o o o o x x x x x x x * * * * * * | | | | | pH 4.3 6.38 8.35 10.32 12.6 The diagram shows the percentages of each of the types of ion in a carbonate solution. The relative concentrations depend upon the pH. The ASCII art is crude so some key pH's are marked. At pH 4.3 99% of the ions are carbonic, 1% bicarbonate and while carbonate ions are present they are orders of magnitude less present than bicarbonate. At pH 6.38 carbonic and bicarbonate are present in equal amounts (about 50% each) and carbonate unappreciable. At pH 8.35, 98% of ions are bicarbonate and there are about 1% carbonic and carbonate. At 10.32 bicarbonate and carbonate are at equal concentration (about 50%) and carbonic is unappreciable and at pH 12.6 all but about 1% of ions are carbonate ions. The curves are easily constructed. Calculate r1 = 10^(pH - 6.38) and r2 = 10^(pH - 10.32). The fraction of carbonic is then 1/(1 + r1 + r1*r2), the fraction of bicarbonate is r1 times this and the fraction of carbonate is r2 times the bicarbonate fraction. The total alkalinity is defined as the number of millilitres of "normal" acid required to change the pH of 1 L of the water sample to 4.3 which pH is chosen because the indicator methyl orange begins to show a color change at that point and at that pH most (99%) of the ions have been converted to carbonic. One milliliter of "normal" acid contains 1 milliequivalent of hydrogen ions and thus the definition of total alkalinity is the number of milliequivalents of H+ required to bring one litre of the test water to a pH where virtually all the bicarbonate and carbonate have been converted. If you put 50 mg of calcium carbonate into a litre of water and slowly add acid to the point where pH 4.3 is reached you will find that 1 milliequivalent of acid was required. Somewhere along the line someone decided that it would be nice to have alkalinity reflect the amount of calcium carbonate dissolved and so the practice of expressing alkalinity in mg/L (or ppm) "as CaCO3" came into being. This causes lots of confusion because it is really only another way of expressing the number of milliequivalents. All alkalinty does not come from calcium carbonate. It may also come from sodium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate etc. To express alkalinity "as CaCO3", multiply milliequivalents per litre (mEq/L) by 50. As Ken mentioned in his post, life is easy if the pH is less than 8.35 (as it is for most but not all drinking waters). Below this pH the only thing in the solution to convert to carbonic is bicarbonate (ignoring the tiny amount of carbonate). The reaction is HCO3- + H+ --> H2CO3 which indicates that 1 milliequivalent of acid converts one millimole of bicarbonate ion to carbonic. Thus the total alkalinity is the amount of bicarbonate in the water both, at this point, expressed as milliequivalents. Multiplying by 50 gives "as CaCO3" units but remember that this is just another way of expressing the milliequivalents. It does not mean that that much calcium carbonate is or ever was in the water nor that caclium carbonate was the source of the bicarbonate ions. In fact if the water is natural much of the bicarbonate probably came from dissolved CO2. The ppm for bicarbonate ion is obtained by multiplying the mEq/L by 61. If the pH is above 8.35 the amount of carbonate starts to become appreciable as does the concentration of hydroxyl ions. The alkalinity is now the amount of acid required to convert the bicarbonate to carbonic PLUS the amount required to convert the carbonate PLUS the amount required to neutralize the hydroxyl ions. Carbonate converts as CO3-- + 2H+ --> H2CO3 which says that TWO milliequivalents of acid are required for the conversion of each millimole of carbonate. The amount of carbonate present in a water at pH > 8.35 can be determined by adding acid until pH 8.35 (usually 8.3 is used as this is the pH at which the indicator phenolpthalein changes) is reached. This is the pH at which the carbonate is converted to bicarbonate by CO3-- + H+ --> HCO3-. Thus the number of milliequivalents required to do this is equal to the number of millimoles of carbonate present and is sometimes referred to as the "phenolpthalein alkalinity". This is, as above, multiplied by 50 to give the phenolpthalein ALKALINITY as ppm CaCO3. In what has got to be the most confusing thing in water chemistry, the amount of calcium carbonate which causes a phenolphtalein alkalinity of P (as CaCO3) is 2P because twice as much acid is required to convert from carbonate to carbonic as from carbonate to bicarbonate and the "as CaCO3" definition can be thought of as being based on total conversion. What all this means is that of one wishes to compute the alkalinity of a water he has synthesized he must sum the number of millimoles/L of all bicarbonates he adds (computed by dividing the milligrams/L of the salt by the gram molecular weight of the salt) with TWICE the sum of the number of millimoles/L of all the carbonates. This is the total alkalinity expressed as milliequivalents per litre and I wish everyone would use these units instead of mg/L as CaCO3 but they dont so multiply mEq/L by 50 to get mg/L (ppm) as CaCO3. In attempting to synthesize water from a given profile one needs r1 and r2 which are easily calculated if either the pH or the carbonic/bicarbonate/carbonate rations are given. In the typical case where one is attempting to sythesize, say, Munich water, the pH is usually not given and a number for "carbonate" or "bicarbonate" is given without it being clear exactly what that is. While it is reasonable to assume that it refers to bicarbonate we usually don't know whether the value is in ppm as CaCO3 or ppm as HCO3- or ppm as CaO. To do the synthesis one makes an assumption about what "carbonate" means then "experiments" (in a computer) with varying salt additions trying to minimize some function (I use the log of the ratio) of the ion concentrations brought about by the trial salt additions and the desired ion concentrations. The unknown pH can be dealt with in several ways. It can be a "don't care" parameter, i.e. allowed to go to any value to which it must in order to mimimize the ion concentration error. The analyst (actuallu synthesist) can then decide whether the resultant pH is reasonable. The pH can also be constrained to remain within certain limits or it can be fixed at a chosen value and the ion concentrations optimized based on this constraint. This is the approach to take when the pH is known. Another big problem in trying to synthesize the published profiles is that some of them have become distorted with passage about the literature and among members of the community. A quick check of many of the popularly accepted profiles shows that they are not nearly electrically neutral and thus must be in error. As our syntheses must be neutral there may be large errors in idividual ion concentrations. A.J. deLange Numquam in dubio, saepe in errore! ajdel at interramp.com Return to table of contents
Date: Tue, 2 Apr 1996 23:28:58 -0500 From: ajdel at interramp.com (A. J. deLange) Subject: Bitterness In #2000 Francis Ferguson complains about not being able to get sharp bitterness in bitter. The secret is a combination of hop variety, hoping amounts and schedule and sulfate ion. Bitters are not that highly hopped (to my way of thinking) in the range of high 20's to mid 30's. Sulfate ion concentration should be around 300 ppm ( 1 gram of gypsum in 1 gal of water will give about 147 ppm, 1 gram of epsom salts in 1 gal 103). To hit a controlled level you should know the starting sulfate content of the water but as you are not getting the bitterness bite we can assume that your water is low in sulfate and you can probably just forge ahead blind. With some beers having sulfate contents over 500 ppm you don't need to worry about overshooting a bit. The hops variety chosen will change the quality of the bitterness with the high alpha varieties generally having a "coarse" quality. I would think in terms of Fuggles and Kent Goldings for ales but note that Terry Foster (who knows a hell of a lot more about ales than I do) recommends Bullion, Cluster and Northern Brewer for bittering and Cascades, as well as Goldings, for aroma in his recipes. A.J. deLange Numquam in dubio, saepe in errore! ajdel at interramp.com Return to table of contents
Date: Wed, 3 Apr 1996 15:25:28 +1000 From: nigelt at delm.tas.gov.au (Nigel Townsend) Subject: Re: Wadworths brewery Thanks to Spencer W Thomas and Dan Aldrich who provided information on Old Timer and Wadworths Brewery. Still got no Email address so it looks like I will have to use snail mail. It appears that this brew is made with "Pipkin pale malt". Is "Pipkin" a variety of grain, or is it the company that sells it? Does any one know? The local home brew shop had'nt heard of it. Many thanks. Nigel Townsend Hobart, Tasmania Return to table of contents
Date: Wed, 03 Apr 96 08:19:22 PST From: bgrant at CCGATE.HAC.COM Subject: re: Adjunct question(s) Paul Ward writes: >Well, I', finally moving up one carefull notch at a time in this >brewing hobby. After several all extract batches, I brewed >'Elbro Nerkte' this past weekend, which was my first experience >using adjunct grains (crystal and black patent). (snip some all-too familiar stuff) whew! so I haven't been the only one... Sounds like your wife and my wife would get along just fine, Paul, and you and I would probably do well together too. I spent near an hour trying to crack my first 1/2 lb of crystal using a wooden rolling pin with not too much success (who's idea was that anyways?? :-) My wife asked me to please clean up all the grain off the floor when I was finished, trying not to giggle - I was armed, after all! If it is any consolation, I'm going to try the coffee mill for grinding the grains in my next batch. It is a coffee porter, so I figure using the mill will be a good omen. Good luck to us both; I bet our wives love our beer regardless! Bruce Grant White Rock, B.C. (presently on assignment on Geneva, and quite dissapointed with Swiss beer so far...the best has been imported from Belgium and England...anyone have some tips for the region? Please? :-) Return to table of contents
Date: Wed, 3 Apr 1996 08:34:56 -0500 From: ajdel at interramp.com (A. J. deLange) Subject: O2 Regulator Harry Houck asked about oxygen regulators in #2001. Oxygen has a density of 32 grams per mole and CO2 44 so oxygen is about 3/4 as dense as CO2. The orifice in a medical rig is for metering. If you look closely at the flow rate gauge you will probably see that it is labeled "Litres flow per miunte through #77 drill aperture" or something similar. In other words, the gauge measures the pressure on the upstream side of the orifice and the downsream side is presumably at the ambient so the pressure is proportional to the flow and the dial is calibrated in litres/min. The regulator should be capable of controlling to pressures much lower than 40 psig. I can't help feeling that the fact that it doesn't is somehow related to its being sold for a buck. A.J. deLange Numquam in dubio, saepe in errore! ajdel at interramp.com Return to table of contents
Date: Wed, 03 Apr 96 08:56:03 EST From: gravels at TRISMTP.npt.nuwc.navy.mil Subject: Seltzer aftertaste Greetings all, I was visiting a local brewpub last night, hoping that they figured out how to brew beer, and I tried their Blueberry Blonde ale and Golden Ale, each one of these brews had a harsh seltzer water kind of aftertaste. The off-flavor was more pronounced in the Golden, which is the lighter body ale, than it was in the Blueberry Blonde. They actually put a teaspoon of blueberries in the glass. The blueberries didn't impart much flavor, however, the carbonation kept the blueberries floating up and down and I did find that rather amusing. My question is: What could be the cause of this flavor? I think they figured out what was causing the overpowering, nasty, undrinkable, malty flavor in some of their previous beers, (It's pretty bad when there's a brewpub right next door and you can't stand the beer) :^( I'd like to know what could be causing this problem. Thanks. (P.S. They did have a Pale Ale that was pretty good, maybe there's still hope!) Steve Gravel Newport, Rhode Island gravels at TRISMTP.npt.nuwc.navy.mil "Homebrew, it's not just a hobby it's an adventure!" Return to table of contents
Date: 3 Apr 1996 07:40:48 U From: "Palmer.John" <palmer at ssdgwy.mdc.com> Subject: RE: High FG Probs Neal wrote that he has had systematic high Finishing Gravity problems, and notes that his fermentation temp fluccuated between 60 - 72F. I think that the fluccuating temperature is the most likely cause. If your house is warm during the day and cold at night, the yeast will be thermally stressed and drop out. The other likely problem is a lack of yeast nutrients, though you said you added some, it may not have been enough, based on your all-extract brews. Good Luck, John John J. Palmer - Metallurgist for MDA-SSD M&P johnj at primenet.com Huntington Beach, California Palmer House Brewery and Smithy - www.primenet.com/~johnj/ Return to table of contents
Date: Wed, 03 Apr 96 08:33:36 MDT From: guym at Exabyte.COM Subject: Kelly's in Key West In #1998, Brian Dreckshage says: > FYI, had a disappointing experience in Key West recently. Kellie's > Brew Pub turned away a number of us beer hunters (after a long trip to > there). It was odd, they were having a private party in the back but > wouldn't serve us one stinking, single beer from their front bar. > (They had plenty of employees around--what a bunch of jerks!) What a shame. My company had a regional meeting in Key West about a year and a half ago and we spent the better part of a week down there. Several of us went to Kelly's at least once a day and had no problems being served great food and good beer (my favorite was the Havana Red Ale). In fact, one night there were a dozen or so of us who wandered in after spending some time on Duval Street and they put us upstairs where no one else was. There was a bar up there that they opened just for us. Kelly (McGillis) herself even came up and spent some time talking at the table with us. It was a warm, clear night with a tropical breeze blowing, great beer (especially considering that the most exotic beer readily available on the island is Red Stripe), and Jimmy Buffett on the sound system. I was in heaven! There must've been some sort of "MVP" in the house when you were there. I talked beer with Kelly so much (and drank so much of the Havana Red) that she gave me a Havana Red Ale T-shirt before I left. Unfortunately, I "donated" it to someone, somewhere on one of my many business trips. I would definitely go back again. If we could have just caught a Buffett show in Margaritaville, the trip would have been complete. -- Guy McConnell /// Exabyte Corp. /// Huntersville, NC /// guym at exabyte.com "You have to purge that urge to merge, you have to use your head. Or trouble is what you will find inside some stranger's bed." Return to table of contents
Date: 3 Apr 1996 07:58:44 U From: "Palmer.John" <palmer at ssdgwy.mdc.com> Subject: Re: Scale Watcher Scale Watcher - (1) One who continually moniters their spouse's beergut. (2) A complete and utter scam. There is absolutely no scientific basis for a flucuating electromagnetic field around a metal pipe to affect ions in solution in what can be defined as a Faraday Cage. Unless it makes the lights dim in the house, the water will never know its there. -John John J. Palmer - Metallurgist for MDA-SSD M&P johnj at primenet.com Huntington Beach, California Palmer House Brewery and Smithy - www.primenet.com/~johnj/ PS. Precipitated calcium salts is the whole problem of scale! If they want to sell their device, they should have said that it PREVENTS precipitation. Return to table of contents
Date: Wed, 03 Apr 1996 10:58:53 -0500 From: Douglas O'Brien <Douglas.OBrien at ccrs.emr.ca> Subject: Yeast Generations and Attenuation In an attempt to understand why (I thought) my final gravities recently have been higher than expected I went back over 18 batches trying to find some correlation. I looked at ingredients (i.e. yeast and fermentables), additives (i.e. Irish Moss, ...), fermentation temperature... everything that I recorded.* I compared the FG with what I calculated the FG should be based on a spreadsheet of mine which list ingredients, their contribution to the gravity, and their fermentability.** None of the factors seemed significant except the generation of yeast that was being used. (I reclaim yeast from the secondary as described in the yeast FAQ and store it in the fridge for 3-5 weeks between batches). In the 12 batches using 1st generation yeast my FGs were an average of 1.3 points higher than expected (0.8 points if I remove a rogue strawberry beer). On the other hand the 6 2nd/3rd generation yeast batches averaged 6.5 points above what I expected. For both 1st generation and 2nd/3rd generation yeasts I make a 2 stage starter in the same way, and there seems to be no difference in lag times. The yeasts I use are mostly Yeast Lab A05, A09 & A04 - in any case Ale yeasts. At first I was surprised because I would have thought that yeast scavenged from the secondary is yeast that 'hangs around' longer and therefore would tend to ferment the beer more, not less. On the other hand these are top cropping Ale yeasts that I am recovering from the bottom of the secondary... So does this 5 point difference surprise anyone else besides me? Doug * I didn't record how well I had aerated each batch and I suspect that this would be significant. ** I don't know how accurate my calculations are but I guess that I can argue that any error would be systematic. - -- Douglas J. O'Brien Douglas.OBrien at ccrs.NRCan.gc.ca Canada Centre for Remote Sensing tel: (613) 947-1287 588 Booth Street fax: (613) 947-1408 Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0Y7 Return to table of contents
Date: Wed, 3 Apr 96 11:28:21 -0600 From: Ray Gaffield <ray_gaffield at il.us.swissbank.com> Subject: Life of refrigerated Wyeast I just popped a packet of Wyeast Belgium Ale which is about a year old. My question is : if the packet swells successfully , is the yeast OK to use or is there something else that may be wrong with old yeast ? Thanx, RAY Return to table of contents
Date: Wed, 3 Apr 1996 12:33:29 -0600 From: Bill Press <press at lip.wustl.edu> Subject: HELP: Where do I find hops rhizomes? Where do I buy hops rhizomes from? I want to try to grow them this year, but don't know where to buy them. Does anyone know of any good suppliers? How much do they go for, in general? Thanks, Bill Press Return to table of contents
Date: Wed, 3 Apr 1996 10:47:51 PST From: Steve_Rosenzweig at wb.xerox.com (Rosenzweig,Steve) Subject: Re: Boiling Question / Mini - Kegs In HBD 2001: Steven Biggins asks about boiling levels: Rule of thumb as I've picked up is about 1 gal / hour of evaporation at a decent boil. If you are going from 6 to 3.5 gal in 90 min, it sounds like your "rolling boil" is really rolling! Even with the rule of thumb, you would be at about 4.5 gal. How dry/humid is your area? I assume low humidity would increase the evap rate. What's your elevation? Also - maybe you can adjust your cooker down somewhat to keep a boil that isn't rolling so quickly! If your pot is big enough, start with 7 or 8 gal . . . ******************* In HBD 2001: Byron Schmidt makes a note about mini-kegs: I haven't used mini-kegs in about 5 years, but when I did I carefully removed the rubber stopper and never had a problem with rusting around the hole. If anyone is starting out, I'd suggest getting a commercial one - drinking that, and using the experience with that keg as a basis for getting any more specifically for homebrewing. Then if you don't care for the process, you can ditch it not having invested too much and at least had some decent beer along the way. I reused several - the only problem that I had was over priming the first batch to go in one! I used a rate of about 1/2 cup corn sugar and all was well until the sucker punched a corner in the top of the keg. (It was amazing to see a 90 degree angle jut out from an otherwise circular ring!) One leaked, others were deformed and recycled. The beer in those kegs always seemed to taste better than the bottles for some reason - that's why I moved to corny kegs in a beer meister! ******************* In HBD 2001: Ed Hitchcock is making travel plans: Plug alert!!! I emailed Ed a lengthier version, but since I'm posting anyway . . . Rochester NY - Rohrbachs Brewpub is _not_ to be missed!!! (2 locations!) Beers of the World - I defy anyone to find a beer they don't have!! End of plug!! No affiliation, blah blah, blah, just a really satisfied customer!!! ******************** PZ Return to table of contents
Date: Wed, 03 Apr 96 13:36:08 MDT From: guym at Exabyte.COM Subject: Beer for school lunches Bill Rust writes: > Just passing along a newsworthy item... >>The colorful can of Anheuser-Busch's beer Bud Ice is deceiving >>parents into thinking it is a soft drink. Several parents mistakenly >>put Bud Ice in the lunch boxes of their kids and the kids took them >>to school. >> >>Personally, I always thought elementary school would become less boring with a cold one at lunch. <snip> >>I would want him to taste beer with deep flavors and aesthetics not >>the Spuds MacKenzie dogwater Budweiser makes. I would pack in his >>lunch box with beers like Guinness, Bass Ale, Newcastle Brown Ale, >>and German beers made according to the Rheinheitsgebot. I have a Belgian friend who lives in Huntsville, Alabama (came over for missile training while in the Belgian Air Force, met an Alabama girl, married her, and never went home) whose father recounted his childhood breakfast for me. It seems that Mom would take a coffee cup, fill it with Guinness, and stir in a whole egg for the little tyke to consume before going off to school. In fact, one of the few phrases of perfect English that this gentleman knows is "Guinness, it's good for you". My kind of breakfast! Kinda gives meaning to my favorite tag line... -- Guy McConnell /// Huntersville, NC "And the beer I had for breakfast wasn't bad, so I had one for dessert." Return to table of contents
Date: Wed, 03 Apr 1996 11:06:21 -0800 From: Orval Jewell <ojewell at thegrid.net> Subject: Yeast for a barleywine Hi all, I have been lurking long enough (digest # 1960 was my first). I have a quick question for the collective. The current batch of brew I have in the fermenter is what I'm calling "Strong Red Ale," It is a barley-wine style with an original gravity of 1.091 and it's been in the fermenter for two days now. I used a packet of Yeast Lab Australian Ale Dry Yeast. My question is will this yeast stand up to the expected 8.5%-9.0% alcohol or will I need to add a wine or mead style yeast to finish the batch? Thanks. Orval Jewell Return to table of contents
Date: Wed, 3 Apr 1996 14:32:40 -0500 From: Chris Cooper <ccooper at a2607cc.msr.hp.com> Subject: Re: Wyeast 1968 - London ESB strain Hi all, First !!! A Toast to the HBD !!! digest 2001 , the new millenium has dawned. In HBD 2001 George asked: >I'm planning on making an partial mash/extract IPA this weekend (probably the >"Classic IPA" recipe out of Noonan's Classic Beer Styles) and want to use up >a pack of the London ESB I have before it gets to old. There's been some >mention in recent HBDs about this yeast being one of the lowest attenuating >of the Wyeast family. My questions are: > > 1) Does this mean it will just take a lot longer to ferment and/or that > my FG may not hit the TG? (OG is 1.055 and TG is 1.012-1.014 per the recipe). > I think #1968 has an attenuation of 67%-71%, this would mean that a brew that starts at 1.055 would end at 1.016-1.018, assuming that all of the gravity points are due to fermentables (and this is seldom the case). Depending on your grain bill I would expect your F.G. to be 1.018-1.020. Attenuation % indicates the degree of fermentation the yeast strain is capable of, this does not directly translate into how quickly it will ferment. The time required for fermentation is related to pitching rate, temperature, oxygenation, the strain's degree of flocculation, and how you held your toungue while boiling the wort. Chris Cooper , Commerce Michigan --> Pine Haven Brewery <-- ccooper at a2607.cc.msr.hp.com --> aka. Deb's Kitchen <-- Return to table of contents
Date: Wed, 3 Apr 1996 13:39:23 -0600 From: "John Lifer, Jr." <jliferjr at felix.TECLink.Net> Subject: Water Questions Ok guys, I have been reading and trying to follow the posts on water adjustment for brewing to simulate other regions in the world. One thing that pops out at me is that after getting my local water test, (done in 1992 not very current), I then preboil the water to mainly remove the clorine and kill any other nasties in the water that might remain. I then will add whatever chemicals to change the water to the "right" specs. Depending on the hardness, etc. would not I lose some of the minerals that were in the water originally, and how would I then correlate this water to my original water? Should I spend the dough on a separate water test? If so should I then test post boiled water too? Or should I give up and keep brewing as I have been (and getting relatively good beer IMHO)? Or should I just brew with distilled water and add correct doses to adjust the water? TIA, John in Mississippi 'Nother Illegal Brew'n fool in Mississippi Return to table of contents